Pain N/V Fever Headache Sore throat Back pain Cough Constipation N/V Bradycardia Dysrhythmia QT prolongation Bronchospasm Salivation Miosis GI peristalsis Nonselective α-adrenergic receptor antagonistĠ.02 mg/mL IV 0.4 mg/mL IV 1 mg /mL IV 2 mg/0.1 mL IN 2 4 mg/0.1 mL INĠ.2 mg over first 15 s, then 0.2 mg every 1 min as necessary max dose 1 mgĠ.01 mg/kg over first 15 s up to max 0.2 mg, then 0.01 mg/kg up to 0.2 mg every 1 min max 4 additional doses or max 1 mg or 0.05 mg/kg, whichever is lowerĠ.03-0.07 mg/kg IV max 5 mg Add atropine 0.02 mg/kg or glycopyrrolate 0.015 mg/kg IVĠ.4 mg (6-11 y, ≥ 30 kg) 0.2 mg (6-11 y, 15-30 kg) 0.1 mg (≥10 kg)ĭysrhythmia Hypertension Tachycardia Pulmonary edema N/V Sweating Seizures Pain Dysphoria Hypersensitivity Severe cardiovascular diseaseĬyclodextrin encapsulates rocuronium or vecuronium Hypersensitivity Peritonitis Mechanical obstruction of the intestinal or urinary tract Hypersensitivity Chronic/continued BZD use Head injury Alcoholism or drug dependency Signs of tricyclic antidepressants overdose Reversal of local anesthetic At risk for self-injurious behaviors or needed return of normal functions Reversal of rocuronium and vecuronium Rocuronium-induced allergy or anaphylaxis?† This review article discusses the pharmacology, uses, practical implications, adverse effects, and precautions needed for flumazenil, naloxone, neostigmine, sugammadex, and phentolamine within the context of sedation and anesthesia practice for dentistry.Ĭomplete or partial reversal of BZD-induced overdoseĬomplete or partial reversal of opioid-induced overdose In addition, the alpha-adrenergic antagonist phentolamine is used in dentistry as a local anesthetic reversal agent, decreasing its duration of action by inducing vasodilation. Within the context of skeletal muscle relaxation, neostigmine and sugammadex are routinely used to reverse the effects of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents. Reversal or “antidote” drugs, such as flumazenil and naloxone, are often used in unintentional overdose situations involving significant benzodiazepine- and/or opioid-induced respiratory depression. Several pharmacologic antagonists serve as essential drugs in the contemporary practices of sedation providers and anesthesiologists. Reversal agents are defined as any drug used to counteract the pharmacologic effects of another drug.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
Details
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |